Kush

=__//The Ancient African Kingdom of Kush//__=

[[image:nile_nubia.jpg caption="Map of Nubia" link="http://wysinger.homestead.com/ancientafrica.html"]]
Ancient Africa's Black Kingdoms. Ed. Myra Wysinger. <[]>.

**__ Kingdom __****__ of Kush __****__ Timeline __**

__4000 BCE __- Farming begins in Nile Valley __3500-2000 BCE __- A Group* culture in Nubia __3100 BCE __ - Peoples of north unit to form Kingdom of Egypt. Kush continues to develop own culture. Struggle to remain independent. __800 yrs. Later__ - Nubia & Egypt at war __2000__ __BCE__- Kush Empire strengthens due to wealth & trade. Egypt government falls apart. New group (C Group***)** in Kush dominates. __1795 BCE __- Hyksos conquers Egypt. Ruler of Kush Capital Kerma moves north __1783 BCE-__ Egypt over-throws Hyksos __1300 BCE __- Egypt pushes frontier further south & destroys Kerma. Egypt temples built in Nubia __1550-1085__ __BCE__- Egypt controls Nubia. Nubian leaders educated about Egyptian ways. Amon temple built near Napata. -Napata Kush’s new capital __750 BCE __- King Kashta conquers Egypt -conquered southern Egyptian state, Thebes __750-671 BCE __- Kush rules from Mediterranean to south of modern Khartoum __671 BCE __- Assyria attack & takes over Egypt __591 BCE __- Egypt attacks Napata, shortly after Political capital of Kush moves to Meroe, Napata remains religious capital __525 BCE __- Persian king Cambyses sends spies to Meroe __280 BCE __- Arakakamani moves religious capital of Kush from Napata to Meroe __30 BCE__- independence of Egypt ends, Kushite Queen Amanirenas decides to extend Kush north __24 BCE __- Queen Amanirenas and Akinidad attack Roman Egypt; Napata attacked following year __23 BCE __- Rome lead army to Kush, burned Napata, drove Kush south __22 BCE __- Treaty of Samos between Rome and Kush (time of great prosperity) __20 BCE-__ Collapse in Rome-controlled Egypt and Deline of trade in Roman Empire & Kush __350 CE __-King Ezana of Axum makes 2nd attack on Kush. Kush now controlled by Noba people. __352 CE-__ Meroe and other cities burned. Kingdom of Kush conquered by Axum.

BCE= Before Common Era CE= Common Era

(Service, Pamela F. __The Ancient African Kingdom of Kush__. Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 1998.)
 * A Group are Nubian farming and herding people (3500-2000 BCE )
 * C Group are Nubian people that were mainly cattle herders (2000-15000 BCE )

__Condensed Timeline__

 * 3100 B.C.E-** Nubia evolves - larger and more powerful
 * 2000 B.C.E-** Nubia- Kingdom of Kush
 * 1500 B.C.E-** Egypt armies over- power Kush
 * 1500-1000 B.C.E-** Egypts controll over Kush
 * 1000 B.C.E-** Kush takes land back
 * 724 B.C.E-** Army lead my King Piankhi - invaded and took over Egypt
 * 671 B.C.E-** Assyrians ran Kushites out of Egypt
 * 670 B.C.E-** Kush went into Golden Age after leaving Egypt
 * 591 BCE**- Egypt gets land back and attacks Napata
 * 30 BCE**- Rome controlls Egypt
 * 24 BCE**- Kush attacks Rome-controlled Egypt
 * 23 BCE**- Egypt attacks but decides not to conquer Kush
 * 350 CE**- Ezana, king of Axum makes 2nd attack and conquers Kush
 * 1000 yrs later-** end of Axum-controlled Kush

(Service, Pamela F. __The Ancient African Kingdom of Kush__. Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 1998.)